Xavier Bettel

Xavier Bettel (born 3 March 1973) is a Luxembourgish lawyer and politician who serves as the 14th deputy prime minister of Luxembourg and as the minister for Foreign Affairs since 2023.

Bettel was born on 3 March 1973 in Luxembourg City.

His father, Claude Bettel, was a wine merchant.

Bettel said he has an Orthodox Russian grandfather and a Polish-Jewish grandfather, while his parents were Catholics.

His mother Aniela is a grandniece of the Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff.

After completing his secondary school studies at Lycée Hélène Boucher in Thionville, Bettel obtained a master's degree in Public and European Law and a DEA in Political Science and Public Law from Nancy 2 University in Nancy, France.

He also studied maritime law as well as canon law at Aristotle University in Thessaloniki, Greece, where he was studying thanks to the Erasmus Programme.

He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies (1999–2013) and Mayor of Luxembourg City (2011–2013).

Bettel is a member of the Democratic Party (DP).

In the elections of 1999, Bettel was elected to Luxembourg City's communal council, finishing sixth on the DP's list.

Bettel ran for the Chamber of Deputies in the 1999 general election; he finished tenth amongst DP candidates in the Centre constituency, with the top seven being elected.

However, the DP overtook the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) as the second-largest party; its members formed the majority of the new government as the Christian Social People's Party's (CSV) coalition partners.

Thus, with Lydie Polfer and Anne Brasseur vacating their seats to take roles in the government, as well as Colette Flesch not taking her seat so as to focus on her role as Member of the European Parliament (MEP), Bettel was appointed to the Chamber of Deputies, starting 12 August 1999.

For four years in the early 2000s he hosted Sonndes em 8, a weekly talkshow, on the now-defunct private T.TV television network.

Two years after his election to the local council, on 12 July 2001, he was certified as a lawyer.

By the time of the 2004 general election, Bettel had significantly consolidated his position; he finished fourth (of the five DP members elected), assuring him a seat in the Chamber of Deputies.

On 28 November 2005, after the municipal elections in which he was placed fourth on the DP list, Bettel was appointed échevin (alderman) in the council of Luxembourg City.

He resigned from his position as DP leader in the Chamber of Deputies, which he had held since 2009.

Following municipal elections on 9 October 2011, Bettel was sworn in as Mayor of Luxembourg on 24 November 2011.

He served as the 24th prime minister of Luxembourg from 2013 to 2023.

Following the 2013 general election, he took office as Prime Minister and succeeded Jean-Claude Juncker of the Christian Social People's Party (CSV).

In 2013, Bettel was elected leader of the Democratic Party.

In the 2013 general election, he led the party to a third-ranked position in parliamentary seats.

On 25 October, Bettel was designated by Grand Duke Henri as the formateur for the next government.

He assumed his post as Luxembourg's Prime Minister on 4 December 2013.

In the government's coalition of the Democratic Party (DP), Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens, he led the cabinet with co-Deputy Prime Ministers Etienne Schneider and Félix Braz.

In his first term, he also held the functions of Minister of State, Minister for Communications and the Media, Minister for Culture and Minister for Religious Affairs.

In 2017, he also received an honorary doctorate from Sacred Heart University Luxembourg.

Bettel became the first openly gay prime minister in the world to serve a second term in 2018, when his mandate was renewed.

He was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in 2023 in the Frieden-Bettel Government.

He remains widely popular, and received the most personal votes in the 2023 elections.

Following the 2018 election, he became the first openly gay prime minister in the world to be reelected for a second term.

He began his second term when his government was formed on 5 December 2018, which he currently leads with co-Deputy Prime Ministers François Bausch and Dan Kersch.

The government is a continuation between the Democratic Party, the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party and The Greens from the Bettel I government, with minor changes.

On 16 September 2019, following a short bilateral meeting on the status of Brexit negotiations, Bettel continued a press conference without British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, after Johnson abruptly pulled out due to an anti-Brexit protest held by British citizens living in Luxembourg.

Bettel gestured towards Johnson's empty podium and confirmed that the UK Government had not tabled any concrete proposals for amendments to the UK's Withdrawal Agreement, particularly the "Irish backstop" that Johnson wished to replace.

This being despite the public pronouncements of Prime Minister Johnson and the UK's departure date from the EU fast approaching.

Pro-Brexit UK media reported the matter as an ambush, whilst other UK and international media outlets largely saw the incident, as well as the reaction of pro-Brexit UK media outlets to it, as confirming the increasing hypersensitivity of pro-Brexit pundits and politicians to criticism.

On 29 February 2020, all of Luxembourg's public transport became free of charge as a result of the Bettel II government coalition agreement.

Bettel was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in the Frieden-Bettel Government, after the coalition lost the 2023 election and only gained 29 seats.