Terry Gilliam

Terrence Vance Gilliam (born 22 November 1940) is an American–born British filmmaker, comedian, collage animator and actor.

He gained stardom as a member of the Monty Python comedy troupe alongside John Cleese, Eric Idle, Michael Palin, Terry Jones, and Graham Chapman.

Terry Gilliam was born on 22 November 1940 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Beatrice (née Vance) and James Hall Gilliam.

His father was a travelling salesman for Folgers before becoming a carpenter.

Soon after, they moved to nearby Medicine Lake, Minnesota.

In 1952, the family moved to the Los Angeles neighbourhood of Panorama City.

Gilliam attended Birmingham High School, where he was the president of his class and senior prom king, and was voted "Most Likely to Succeed" having achieved straight A grades.

During high school, he began to avidly read Mad magazine, then edited by Harvey Kurtzman, which would later influence Gilliam's work.

Gilliam graduated from Occidental College in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science.

The only Monty Python member not born in Britain, Gilliam became a naturalised British citizen in 1968 and formally renounced his American citizenship in 2006.

Moving to England, he animated sequences for the children's series Do Not Adjust Your Set which he worked on from 1968 to 1969, and which also featured Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin.

Gilliam was a member of Monty Python's Flying Circus from its outset, credited at first as an animator (his name was listed separately after the other five in the closing credits) and later as a full member.

His cartoons linked the show's sketches together and defined the group's visual language in other media, such as LP and book covers and the title sequences of their films.

His animations mix his own art, characterised by soft gradients and odd, bulbous shapes, with backgrounds and moving cutouts from antique photographs, mostly from the Victorian era.

He also appeared in several sketches, though he rarely had main roles and did considerably less acting in the sketches.

Gilliam did, however, have some notable sketch roles, such as Cardinal Fang of the Spanish Inquisition; the bespectacled commenter who said, "I can't add anything to that!"

in the sketch "Election Night Special"; Kevin Garibaldi, the brat on the couch shouting "I want more beans!"

Together they collaborated on the sketch series Monty Python's Flying Circus (1969–1974) and the films Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975, which Gilliam directed as well), Life of Brian (1979) and The Meaning of Life (1983).

in the sketch "Most Awful Family in Britain 1974" (episode 45); the Screaming Queen in a cape and mask in "The Visitors"; and Percy Bysshe Shelley in "Ant Poetry Reading".

More frequently, he played parts that no one else wanted to play, generally because they required a lot of makeup or uncomfortable costumes, such as a recurring knight in armour who ended sketches by walking on and hitting one of the other characters over the head with a plucked chicken.

He also designed the covers of most of the Monty Python albums, including Another Monty Python Record, The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief, Monty Python Live at Drury Lane, and all of their later film soundtrack albums.

Katy Hepburn, a freelance designer and graduate of the Royal College of Art in London, also worked with Gilliam.

He has directed 13 feature films, gaining acclaim for Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998).

In 1988, they received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema.

In 2003, he told Salman Rushdie about defining experiences in the 1960s that set the foundations for his views on the world:

"I became terrified that I was going to be a full-time, bomb-throwing terrorist if I stayed [in the U.S.] because it was the beginning of really bad times in America. It was '66–'67, it was the first police riot in Los Angeles. ... In college my major was political science, so my brain worked that way. ... And I drove around this little English Hillman Minx—top down—and every night I'd be hauled over by the cops. Up against the wall, and all this stuff. They had this monologue with me; it was never a dialogue. It was that I was a long-haired drug addict living off some rich guy's foolish daughter. And I said, 'No, I work in advertising. I make Twice as Much as you do.' Which is a stupid thing to say to a cop. ...

And it was like an epiphany.

I suddenly felt what it was like to be a black or Mexican kid living in L.A. Before that, I thought I knew what the world was like, I thought I knew what poor people were, and then suddenly it all changed because of that simple thing of being brutalized by cops.

And I got more and more angry and I just felt, I've got to get out of here—I'm a better cartoonist than I am a bomb maker.

That's why so much of the U.S. is still standing."

Gilliam began his career as an animator and strip cartoonist.

One of his early photographic strips for the US magazine Help! featured future Python cast member John Cleese.

When Help! folded, Gilliam went to Europe, jokingly announcing in the final issue that he was "being transferred to the European branch" of the magazine, which did not exist.

He later directed The Brothers Grimm (2005), Tideland (2005), The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), The Zero Theorem (2013), and The Man Who Killed Don Quixote (2018).

Gilliam was born in Minnesota, but spent his high school and college years in Los Angeles.

He started his career as an animator and strip cartoonist.

He joined Monty Python as the animator of their works, but eventually became a full member and was given acting roles.

In 2009, Gilliam received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement.

Gilliam transitioned to directing serious films with themes exploring imagination and oppositions to bureaucracy and authoritarianism.

His films are sometimes set in dystopian worlds and involve black comedy and tragicomedic elements.