Tadeusz Pietrzykowski

Tadeusz Pietrzykowski ( Polish pronunciation : ; born 8 April 1917, Warsaw died 17 April 1991, Bielsko-Biała) was a Polish boxer, Polish Armed Forces soldier, and a prisoner at the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Neuengamme concentration camps run by the German Nazis during World War II.

Pietrzykowski was born on 8 April 1917 in Warsaw to father Tadeusz, an engineer, and mother Sylwina (née Bieńkowska), a teacher, both members of the Polish intelligentsia.

In his youth he joined the boxing section of the Legia Warsaw club, where he trained under Feliks Stamm.

He received a number of positive write-ups in the interwar Polish sports press, and was nicknamed "Teddy" or "Teddi".

He was at the height of his sports career in the years 1936 and 1937; in 1935 his boxing section advanced to the A-rank in Warsaw, and in 1937 he qualified for the finals in the Polish Boxing Championships and became the Warsaw Champion in the bantamweight class.

A 1938 edition of the Polish sports magazine Przegląd Sportowy declared him "the best bantamweight boxer in Warsaw".

Unfortunately, around that time, he suffered an injury and was expelled from his school, and his boxing section was disbanded.

Following the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, Pietrzykowski took part in the Siege of Warsaw, volunteering for a light artillery regiment.

He was part of the first mass transport to Auschwitz in June 1940, and was transferred to Neuengamme in 1943.

He is remembered as the boxing champion of Auschwitz.

Pietrzykowski's life story has been the subject of several books and movies.

In early 1940, following the Polish defeat, he attempted to travel to France, where the Polish Army was being reformed.

He was arrested in Hungary, and deported back to Poland, where he was interrogated and tortured by the Gestapo.

On 14 June 1940, he was moved from a regular prison in Tarnów to the Auschwitz concentration camp.

He arrived there with the first mass transport to Auschwitz concentration camp, receiving the camp prisoner number 77.

In March 1941, Pietrzykowski joined the Auschwitz resistance movement, Związek Organizacji Wojskowej, working directly under Witold Pilecki.

A few months later he took part in an assassination attempt against a high-ranking German officer in the camp, commandant Rudolf Höss, by helping to sabotage the saddle of Höss' horse.

The assassination attempt failed, but resulted in Höss breaking a leg.

The incident was classified as an accident by the Germans, and the prisoners were not punished.

Later, Pietrzykowski killed Höss' dog, which had been trained to attack Jewish prisoners and had killed at least one of them.

The dog was cooked and eaten by the prisoners.

Pietrzykowski was also involved in other resistance activities, such as passing information and sabotaging labor activities.

He took part in his first unofficial boxing fight in the camp in March 1941, motivated by the promise of additional food rations.

The match was against Walter Dünning, a German kapo and the German middleweight vice-champion.

The match was judged by Bruno Brodniewicz.

The fight was inconclusive, but Pietrzykowski was considered by many to be the winner as his opponent was better fed, better rested, and had a 40-to-70 kg weight advantage.

His performance in the fight gained him the approval of camp personnel and started his career as a boxer within the camp.

Although boxing matches were intended as amusement for camp personnel, the fights became popular with the prisoners as well, and Pietrzykowski's victories over German opponents or collaborators boosted morale among the inmates.

He faced a number of opponents in Auschwitz, including other imprisoned Polish boxers such as Michał Janowczyk.

Sometimes his opponents were prisoner volunteers.

Pietrzykowski tried to adjust his style to his opponents, avoiding injuring them (unless they were German kapos) and prolonging the fights for the amusement of the onlookers.

In particular, he tried to help the Jewish boxers he fought, recognizing that the matches were more perilous for them; in at least one case he tied on purpose, drawing a compromise between maintaining his winning streak and avoiding drawing the guards' ire to his Jewish opponent.

Several times he fought German opponents in fights that were considered to be particularly vicious.

He was victorious against German professional boxers such as Wilhelm Maier and Harry Stein.

Some of his fights were more impromptu: for example, in May 1941, with permission of a guard, he challenged a prisoner who was beating another prisoner; only later did he learn that he had rescued a priest who later became Saint Maximilian Kolbe.

Due to his style, which favored evasion, the Germans nicknamed Pietrzykowski the Weiss Nebel (White Fog).

Boxing fights for the amusement of the German personnel took place most Sundays.

While in Auschwitz, Pietrzykowski fought between 40 and 60 matches and had a long winning streak, losing only a single fight in the summer of 1942 (against a Dutch Jew and also professional boxer, middleweight champion Leen Sanders); Pietrzykowski would go on to win a later rematch between the two.

The rewards for his victories were the privileges of being allowed to choose where to work and extra food, which he often shared with other prisoners.

At one point, he received a proposal to sign the Volksliste, which would have enabled him to leave the camp, but he refused.