Sal Mineo

Mineo was born in The Bronx, New York City, the son of coffin makers Josephine (née Alvisi; 1913–1989) and Salvatore Mineo Sr (1913–1972).

He was of Sicilian descent; his father was born in Italy and his mother, of Italian origin, was born in the United States.

Salvatore Mineo Jr. (January 10, 1939 – February 12, 1976) was an American actor.

Mineo's sister Sarina (b. 1943), brothers Michael (1937–1984) and Victor (1935–2015) were also actors.

He attended the Quintano School for Young Professionals and was one of the few Italian-American actors of his era to keep their surname, saying he was proud of his heritage and identity.

Mineo's mother enrolled him in dancing and acting school at an early age.

By the late 1950s, Mineo was a major celebrity.

He had his first stage appearance in Tennessee Williams's play The Rose Tattoo (1951).

He also played the young prince opposite Yul Brynner in the stage musical The King and I.

Brynner took the opportunity to help Mineo better himself as an actor.

On May 8, 1954, Mineo portrayed the Page (lip-synching to the voice of mezzo-soprano Carol Jones) in the NBC Opera Theatre's production of Richard Strauss's Salome (in English translation), set to Oscar Wilde's play.

Elaine Malbin performed the title role, and Peter Herman Adler conducted Kirk Browning's production.

As a teenager, Mineo appeared on ABC's musical quiz program Jukebox Jury.

He was best known for his role as John "Plato" Crawford in the drama film Rebel Without a Cause (1955), which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor at age 17, making him the fifth-youngest nominee in the category.

Mineo made several television appearances before making his screen debut in the Joseph Pevney film Six Bridges to Cross (1955).

He beat out Clint Eastwood for the role.

Mineo also successfully auditioned for a part in The Private War of Major Benson (1955), as a cadet colonel opposite Charlton Heston.

Mineo's breakthrough as an actor came in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), in which he played John "Plato" Crawford, a sensitive teenager smitten with main character Jim Stark (played by James Dean).

Mineo's performance resulted in an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and he became the fifth-youngest nominee in the category, at the age of 17.

Mineo's biographer Paul Jeffers recounted that Mineo received thousands of letters from young female fans, was mobbed by them at public appearances, and further wrote: "He dated the most beautiful women in Hollywood and New York City."

Mineo also starred in films such as Crime in the Streets, Giant (both 1956), Exodus (1960), for which he won a Golden Globe and received a second Academy Award nomination, The Longest Day (1962), John Ford's final western Cheyenne Autumn (1964) and Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971).

In Giant (1956), Mineo played Angel Obregon II, a Mexican boy killed in World War II.

Many of his subsequent roles were variations of his role in Rebel Without a Cause, and he was typecast as a troubled teen.

He was sometimes referred to as the "Switchblade Kid", a nickname he earned from his role as a criminal in the movie Crime in the Streets (1956).

In 1957, Mineo made a brief foray into pop music by recording a handful of songs and an album.

Two of his singles reached the Top 40 in the United States' Billboard Hot 100.

The more popular of the two, "Start Movin' (In My Direction)", reached No. 9 on Billboard's pop chart.

It sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc.

He appeared as the celebrity guest challenger on the June 30, 1957, episode of What's My Line?

Mineo made an effort to break his typecasting.

In the Disney adventure Tonka (1958), for instance, Mineo starred as a young Sioux named White Bull who traps and domesticates a clear-eyed, spirited wild horse named Tonka that becomes the famous Comanche, the lone survivor of Custer's Last Stand.

In addition to his roles as a Native American brave in Tonka (1958), and a Mexican boy in Giant (1956), he played a Jewish Holocaust survivor in Exodus (1960); for his work in Exodus, he won a Golden Globe Award and received his second Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

He starred as drummer Gene Krupa in the movie The Gene Krupa Story (1959), directed by Don Weis with Susan Kohner, James Darren, and Susan Oliver.

By the early 1960s, Mineo was becoming too old to play the type of role that had made him famous, and rumors of his homosexuality led to his being considered inappropriate for leading roles.

For example, he auditioned for David Lean's film Lawrence of Arabia (1962) but was not hired.

Mineo appeared in The Longest Day (1962), in which he played a private killed by a German after the landing in Sainte-Mère-Église.

Mineo was baffled by his sudden loss of popularity, later saying: "One minute it seemed I had more movie offers than I could handle; the next, no one wanted me."

Mineo was the model for Harold Stevenson's painting The New Adam (1963).

Now in the Guggenheim Museum's permanent collection, the painting is considered "one of the great American nudes".

Mineo also appeared on the Season 2 episode of The Patty Duke Show: "Patty Meets a Celebrity" (1964).