Robert Kurvitz

Robert Kurvitz (born 8 October 1984) is an Estonian novelist, video game designer, and musician.

Kurvitz was born in Tallinn on 8 October 1984 to the artist couple Raoul Kurvitz and Lilian Mosolainen.

By the age of fifteen, Kurvitz had dropped out of school.

He became part of a group of peers called The Overcoats, a group of "5-10 high school dropouts...anarchists of some sort, with the motto: 'Today we drink tea, tomorrow we rule the world.'" Long pen-and-paper role-playing sessions with this group were the beginning of the world that would become Disco Elysium 's Elysium, and former Overcoats would form the core of the group that coalesced into the ZA/UM cultural association (not to be confused with ZA/UM Studio) in the early 2000s.

In 2001, Kurvitz became the lyricist and lead singer of progressive rock band Ultramelanhool, which has seen by many as a continuation of the Estonian alternative rock tradition developed by Vennaskond and Metro Luminal.

The literary scientist Jaak Tomberg argued, however, that such easy comparisons may do a disservice to the band's actual original character.

To date, they have released two albums, Must apelsin (Black Orange) and Materjal (Material), in 2004 and 2008 respectively.

The band failed to secure an Estonian record label for their second album.

It was then self-released with money inherited by Kurvitz's long-time friend, editor, and collaborator Martin Luiga, and released on the internet for free.

In 2011, Kurvitz collaborated on his father Raoul's album Forbidden to Sing, providing backing vocals and keyboards.

In 2013, Kurvitz published the novel Sacred and Terrible Air (Püha ja õudne lõhn), on which he had worked over five years.

The novel, set in the fictional world of Elysium, centers on three men who, twenty years after the unexplained disappearance of their classmates, are still determined to locate them.

It received positive reviews, with literary theorist Johanna Ross highlighting it as one of the few books to successfully bridge science fiction and "literature proper".

The literary scientist Jaak Tomberg emphasized the great attention to detail in his review: "Through that novel we bear witness to (1) a style which seems to be in its actually realistic and simply reflective way to be attentive towards the world to an almost paranoid degree, and (2) to a made-up world, which in its relentless interconnectedness is far more systemic than the reality we recognize as 'our own' and also remarkably more systemic than most of the fictional ones, which may by their similar way of building reservedly be called 'fantastic'."

Despite its positive critical reception, the book was a commercial failure, selling between 1,000-1,500 copies, and causing Kurvitz to "succumb to a deep alcoholism".

In November 2013, Kaur Kender, Kurvitz's longtime friend and collaborator on A Sacred and Terrible Air, was announced as editor-in-chief of the Estonian cultural magazine Sirp.

Kender soon brought Kurvitz on as an editor.

Kender's appointment was criticized by many in the press and some artists for their "undemocratic" nature on the part of the Ministry of Culture, though these protests were also criticized for exaggerating the problem.

Less than a month later, both Kender and Kurvitz announced their resignations from the magazine after they published an unpublished work by poet Andres Aule, which was done without his consent.

In their statement, they said that they had made "a grave mistake" and "[did] not see the possibility of continuing."

In 2016, Kurvitz founded the video game development company ZA/UM.

He was the lead writer and designer of the 2019 video game Disco Elysium as a founding member of the ZA/UM cultural association and the eponymous video game development company that grew out of it.

Kurvitz was fired from ZA/UM in 2022 after conflict arose with Estonian investors who had bought a majority stake in the company earlier.

ZA/UM's first game, a single-player computer roleplaying game titled Disco Elysium, was released on 15 October 2019.

Kurvitz was the game's lead writer and designer, having produced about half of the total in-game text (half a million words).

The game was set in the same world as Kurvitz's novel Sacred and Terrible Air.

It received universal acclaim, being named as a game of the year by several publications, along with numerous other awards for its narrative and art.

Kurvitz claims to have developed the Elysium world since he was fifteen or sixteen, originally inspired by "a bootleg Finnish Middle Earth roleplay system".

The game is also notable for having far less emphasis on violence than the norm for the RPG genre.

Kurvitz considers some aspects of Disco Elysium "essentially Soviet", referencing the Soviet Union's tradition of science fiction literature and the works of the Strugatsky brothers in particular.

"They were people who took responsibility for the heat death of the universe. When they were writing books, this needed to contribute to the ultimate fate of the universe. Because they didn't have money obligations, so what are your obligations then? So this kind of serious responsibility for, what the fuck does a piece of entertainment really do to the human mind, and what are the responsibilities therein, that I think is very, very, very prevalent in Disco Elysium."

Kurvitz has a green-gold bust of Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin on his writing desk, which he claimed formerly belonged to Estonian communist writer Juhan Smuul.

"I guess my favourite thing I like to say about this is that for me it's just a wholesome tradition. It's about loyalty, it's about the country where I was born. This is how I was raised, this was who I was told to follow, and I would be a naughty revolutionary, kind of an edgy rebel, if I wouldn't have Lenin on my writing desk."

As a self-described "hardboiled Marxist-Leninist," Kurvitz is a follower of Hegelian dialectics, which he describes as "the central principle of Elysium's worldbuilding."

Dialectics and other leftist historical theory were essential for Elysium's development, forming the basis for critical elements of the world's history, such as the innocentic system.

An English translation was planned for 2020, but it did not occur.

As of 2023, two English fan translations exist.

Having played tabletop roleplaying games for much of his life, Kurvitz uses worldbuilding techniques derived from Dungeons & Dragons, though opting for a pseudo-modernist fantasy world instead of a pseudo-medieval one.

He employs help in the development of his ideas.

"Mass editing" was employed as a tool in the finishing stage of the book; people of varying backgrounds assessed the readability and realism of the work, pointing out confusing passages and suggesting amendments.