Pravin Togadia

Pravin Togadia (born 12 December 1956) is an Indian doctor, cancer surgeon and an advocate for Hindu nationalism, coming from the state of Gujarat.

He was the former International Working President of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) and a cancer surgeon by qualification.

He is Founder and Current President of Antarashtriya Hindu Parishad.

He had a falling out with the Sangh Parivar and is a vocal critic of Narendra Modi.

Togadia (born on 12 December, 1956) in a Gujarati Jain family moved to Ahmedabad at age 10 and joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) soon after.

He received a bachelor's degree in medicine (MBBS) followed by a master's degree (MS) in surgical oncology.

He practised as a surgeon for fourteen years and established a hospital, Dhanvantri Hospital, in Ahmedabad.

He was born in a farmer family and belongs to Patel community.

Togadia was an RSS swayamsevak in Ahmedabad, and a colleague of Narendra Modi.

He was drafted into VHP in 1983 and Modi was drafted into the BJP in 1984.

The two remained colleagues during the rise of BJP to power in 1995.

When Shankersinh Vaghela fell out with BJP and became a Chief Minister with the help of the Indian National Congress party, he imprisoned Togadia for an alleged assault on BJP politicians.

Modi campaigned for his release.

Soon afterwards, Togadia was appointed as the General Secretary of the VHP at the national level.

However, he continued to be active in Gujarat.

Modi was eventually installed as the Chief Minister in 2001, with strong support from Togadia.

In return for his support, Modi is said to have inducted Gordhan Zadafia, Togadia's "right hand man" in VHP, as the Minister of State for Home.

Togadia hailed the Modi Government as the start of the "Hindu Rashtra".

Express India credits his legacy in Gujarat for "bearing fruit" in the 2002 Gujarat riots.

When Modi was banished to Delhi by Keshubhai Patel, Togadia provided him support in Gujarat.

In January 2002, he asked Hindus to cut all relations with Muslims.

Through Zadafia, Togadia had an inside track into Modi's first government and had a substantial say in the postings of police officers in Gujarat.

Some reports say this enabled VHP and Bajrang Dal to orchestrate so-called saffron terror during the 2002 Gujarat riots.

But these allegations on Narendra Modi was removed by subsequent courts proceedings.

Togadia and VHP/BJP activists also interfered with the treatment of victims in hospitals, telling doctors whom to treat and whom to turn away.

Togadia hailed the conduct of the riots as the "Hindutva laboratory" and said that it will be replicated in Delhi.

"A Hindu Rashtra can be expected in the next two years... We will change India's history and Pakistan's geography by then," he said.

In the December 2002 elections to the Gujarat Assembly, Togadia campaigned for BJP enthusiastically, addressing more than 100 rallies.

After the December 2002 elections, however, Modi dropped Zadafia from his council of ministers, signaling to Togadia that his interference in government would not be welcome.

Modi's biographer Andy Marino states that, while Modi took the blame for the 2002 riots, he knew the culpability of Togadia and the VHP.

Togadia is reported to have complained after the elections that Modi was garnering all the "credit" for the riots whereas it was his men that did all the killing.

During his second term of office, Modi took action against VHP interests and activists, both out of his own initiative as well as due to pressure from the Supreme Court.

Togadia in turn ridiculed Modi's efforts to reach out to Muslims through his sadbhavana initiatives.

The influence of Togadia and the VHP in Gujarat fell steeply.

In October 2003, Ashok Singhal signalled his retirement due to ill health and Togadia was informally appointed as the leader of VHP.

Gordhan Zadaphia subsequently floated a new political party, Mahagujarat Janata Party (MJP) during the 2007 assembly elections in Gujarat, later merged into the Gujarat Parivartan Party (GPP) of former chief minister Keshubhai Patel.

The formal appointment as the International Working President (the top executive position) was made in 2011.

During the 2012 assembly elections, Togadia and VHP activists campaigned hard for the Gujarat Parivartan Party against the BJP.

Despite all efforts, Zadaphia and his whole team lost the 2012 elections.

The VHP support for Zadafia ended up strengthening Narendra Modi's anti-hardline Hindutva image.