Nicole Maines

Nicole Amber Maines is an American actress, writer, and transgender rights activist.

Prior to her acting career, she was the anonymous plaintiff in the Maine Supreme Judicial Court case Doe v. Regional School Unit 26, in which she argued her school district could not deny her access to the female bathroom for being transgender.

The oral arguments were mainly focused on the tension between a law passed in the 1920s that requires gender-segregated bathrooms and a 2005 provision in the Maine Human Rights Act that prohibits sexual orientation-based discrimination.

Maines and her brother Jonas were adopted at birth as identical twins by Kelly and Wayne Maines in 1997; one of their biological parents was Kelly's second cousin.

Though they spent their early years in Gloversville, New York, they grew up in Portland, Maine.

Maines was assigned male at birth and started showing signs of gender variance at a young age; when she was two years old, Maines reportedly asked her mother questions like "When do I get to be a girl?"

and "When will my penis fall off?"

She preferred playing with toys intended for girls and identified with female characters in cartoons and movies.

Maines herself said she knew she was not a boy as young as three years old and started explicitly telling her family who she was by the age of four.

Her brother, Jonas, accepted her gender identity from a young age.

While the two were still in elementary school, Jonas reportedly told their father, "Face it, Dad, you have a son and a daughter."

Maines says she chose the name Nicole (Nikki for short) after the character Nicole Bristow, one of Zoey's sidekicks on the Nickelodeon show Zoey 101.

She initially wanted to be called Quinn from the same show, but she kept making spelling errors when writing the name, so she settled on Nicole.

She chose her middle name, Amber, just because she liked how it sounded.

Maines did not officially change her name until later because of the Maine law that any name change must be announced in the newspaper, and she and her family wanted to keep her identity private for her safety.

The judge accepted their petition to the name change law, meaning that Nicole was exempt from having to publish her name change in a newspaper.

A few days later, she officially became Nicole Amber Maines.

In 2007, when Maines was in 5th grade in elementary school at Asa Adams Elementary School in Orono, Maine, the grandfather of a male classmate complained about Maines using the girls' bathroom.

Following that incident, she was barred from using the female bathroom and forced to use the staff bathroom.

With the help of the Maine Human Rights Commission, Maines and her family filed a complaint against the Orono school district, which is now called RSU 26, claiming the school was discriminating against her.

The school district did not take any action to address the complaint, so the family filed a lawsuit against the district.

The case eventually made its way up to the state Supreme Court in Bangor, and the Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders of Boston represented Maines and her family.

The court ruled in 2014 that barring transgender students from the school bathroom consistent with their gender identity is unlawful, the first such ruling by a state court.

In June 2014, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court ruled 5–1 that the school district violated the state's Human Rights Act, and prohibited the district from barring transgender students access to bathrooms consistent with their gender identity.

Maines and her family were provided compensation of $75,000 following the discrimination lawsuit.

It was the first time in the nation that a court ruled it unlawful to force a transgender student to use the bathroom associated with the sex they were assigned at birth and the first time Maine's Supreme Court interpreted amendments to the Maine Human Rights Act as prohibiting sexual orientation based discrimination.

In July 2015, Maines had gender-affirming surgery in Philadelphia, a month after graduating from high school.

Maines attended high school at Portland, Maine's Waynflete School, and attended the University of Maine alongside her brother Jonas.

Maines was popularized by the 2015 book Becoming Nicole: The Transformation of an American Family by Washington Post writer Amy Ellis Nutt which tells the story of her family coming to terms with her gender identity.

Many articles about the Maines family were published, many focusing on how one identical twin can be transgender and one can be cisgender.

Maines used the name Susan Doe in the landmark case Doe v. Regional School Unit 26, which is also referred to as Doe v. Clenchy.

In 2015, Maines and her family were the subject of Becoming Nicole: The Transformation of an American Family, a book by Washington Post writer Amy Ellis Nutt.

It chronicles the family coming to terms with Maines' being transgender.

In June 2015, Maines appeared on the USA Network show Royal Pains as a transgender teen whose hormones might be endangering her health.

In 2016, Maines was one of 11 individuals featured in an HBO documentary titled The Trans List. In the documentary, Maines and several other people relate their personal stories of being transgender.

As an actress, Maines played Nia Nal on The CW superhero series Supergirl (2018–2021) in the fourth through sixth seasons.

She is the first to portray a transgender superhero on television.

She currently plays the recurring role of Lisa in the second season of Yellowjackets (2023–present).

However, according to her father, Maines chose not to return in the fall of 2018 in order to pursue acting.

In July 2018, it was announced that Maines would appear as a series regular in the fourth season of The CW series Supergirl.