Nawaf al-Hazmi

Nawaf Muhammed Salin al-Hazmi (نواف الحازمي) (August 9, 1976 – September 11, 2001) was a Saudi terrorist hijacker who was one of five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 77, which they crashed into the Pentagon as part of the September 11 attacks.

Osama bin Laden held al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar in high respect, with their experience fighting during the 1990s in Bosnia and elsewhere.

Al-Qaeda later referred to al-Hazmi as al-Mihdhar's "Second-in-command".

He traveled to Afghanistan as a teenager in 1993.

CNN's preliminary report following the attacks claimed that an unnamed acquaintance relayed '"He told me once that his father had tried to kill him when he was a child. He never told me why, but he had a long knife scar on his forearm", and claimed that his older brother was a police chief in Jizan.

Al-Hazmi and a long-time friend, Khalid al-Mihdhar, left their homes in Saudi Arabia in 1995 to fight for Muslims in the Bosnian War.

Al-Hazmi later traveled to Afghanistan to fight with the Taliban against the Afghan Northern Alliance.

In 1995, he and his childhood friend, Khalid al-Mihdhar, joined a group that went to fight alongside Bosnian Muslims in the Bosnian War.

Afterwards, Nawaf al-Hazmi returned to Afghanistan along with his brother Salem, and al-Mihdhar.

In Afghanistan, they fought alongside the Taliban against the Afghan Northern Alliance, and joined up with al-Qaeda.

He returned to Saudi Arabia in early 1999.

Already long-time affiliates of al-Qaeda with extensive fighting experience, al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar were chosen by Osama bin Laden for an ambitious terrorist plot to pilot commercial airliners into designated targets in the United States.

Al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar both obtained US tourist visas in April 1999.

Al-Hazmi trained in an al-Qaeda training camp in the fall of 1999 and traveled to Malaysia for the 2000 Al-Qaeda Summit.

Al-Hazmi returned to Saudi Arabia in early 1999.

When bin Laden committed to the "planes operation" plot in spring 1999, he personally selected al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar to be involved in the plot as pilot hijackers.

In addition to al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar, two Yemenis were selected for a southeast Asia component of the plot, which was later scrapped for being too difficult to coordinate with the operations in the United States.

Known as Rabi'ah al-Makki during the preparations, al-Hazmi had been so eager to participate in operations within the United States, he already had a US visa when bin Laden selected him.

Al-Hazmi obtained a B-1/B-2 tourist visa on April 3, 1999, from the US consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using a new passport he acquired a few weeks earlier.

Al-Hazmi's passport did have indicators of al-Qaeda association, but immigration inspectors were not trained to look for those.

In the autumn of 1999, these four attended the Mes Aynak training camp in Afghanistan, which provided advanced training.

Al-Hazmi went with the two Yemenis, Tawfiq bin Attash (Khallad) and Abu Bara al Yemeni, to Karachi, Pakistan, where Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the plot's coordinator, instructed him on western culture, travel, as well as taught some basic English phrases.

Al-Mihdhar did not go with him to Karachi, but instead left for Yemen.

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed then sent al-Hazmi and the other men to Malaysia for a meeting.

Al-Hazmi arrived in Los Angeles, California, from Bangkok, Thailand, on 15 January 2000, alongside al-Mihdhar.

The two settled in San Diego, staying at the Parkwood Apartments until May 2000.

While in San Diego, they attended its mosque, led by Anwar al-Awlaki.

The two took flying lessons in San Diego, but due to their poor English skills they did not perform well during their flight lessons and their flight instructor regarded them as suspicious.

Al-Mihdhar left al-Hazmi in California for Yemen in June 2000.

Al-Hazmi stayed in California until he met up with Hani Hanjour in December 2000, and they both traveled to Phoenix, Arizona.

They later moved to Falls Church, Virginia, in April 2001, where the rest of the hijackers began to join them.

Al-Hazmi met frequently with Mohamed Atta, the ringleader of the attacks, during the summer of 2001.

The CIA reportedly received al-Hazmi's name on a list of 19 persons suspected of planning an attack in the near future.

Al-Hazmi was one of the four names on the list who were known for certain.

A search for al-Hazmi and other suspected terrorists commenced, but they were not located until after the attacks.

The day before the September 11 attacks, al-Hazmi, al-Mihdhar, and Hanjour checked into a hotel in Herndon, Virginia.

The next morning, al-Hazmi and four other terrorists, including al-Hazmi's younger brother, Salem al-Hazmi, boarded American Airlines Flight 77 at Dulles International Airport and hijacked the plane so that Hanjour could pilot and crash the plane into the Pentagon as part of the 11 September attacks.

The crash killed all 64 passengers aboard the aircraft and 125 in the Pentagon.

Following the attacks, al-Hazmi's participation was initially dismissed as that of a "muscle hijacker", but he was later revealed to have played a larger role in the operational planning than previously believed.

Nawaf al-Hazmi was born in Mecca in Saudi Arabia to Muhammad Salim al-Hazmi, a grocer.