Marc Lépine

Marc Lépine (born Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi; October 26, 1964 – December 6, 1989) was a Canadian mass murderer from Montreal, Quebec, who, in 1989, murdered fourteen women, and wounded ten women and four men at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, an engineering school affiliated with the Université de Montréal, in the École Polytechnique massacre.

Lépine was born in Montreal, the son of Canadian nurse Monique Lépine and Algerian businessman Rachid Gharbi.

Gharbi was abusive towards and contemptuous of women, and left the relationship after Monique returned to nursing to support her children; Lépine was seven at the time.

Lépine and his younger sister lived with other families, seeing their mother on weekends.

Lépine was considered bright but withdrawn, and had difficulties with peer and family relationships.

He legally changed his name at the age of 14 giving "hatred of his father" as the reason.

Marc Lépine was born Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi on October 26, 1964, in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Algerian immigrant Rachid Liass Gharbi and Canadian nurse Monique Lépine.

Gamil's sister, Nadia, was born in 1967.

Rachid was a mutual funds salesman and was travelling in the Caribbean at the time of his son's birth.

During his absence, Monique discovered evidence that her husband had been having an affair.

Rachid was a non-practising Muslim, and Monique a former Catholic nun who had rejected organized religion after she left the convent.

Their son was baptized a Catholic as an infant, but received no religious instruction during his childhood; his mother described her son as "a confirmed atheist all his life".

Instability and violence marked the family: they moved frequently, and much of young Lépine's early childhood was spent in Costa Rica and Puerto Rico, where his father worked for a Swiss mutual funds company.

The family returned to Montreal permanently in 1968, shortly before a stock market crash led to the loss of much of the family's assets.

Rachid was an authoritarian, possessive and jealous man, frequently violent towards his wife and children.

He had contempt for women and believed that they were intended only to serve men.

He required his wife to act as his personal secretary, slapping her if she made any errors in typing, and forcing her to retype documents in spite of the cries of their toddler.

He was also neglectful and abusive towards his children, particularly his son, and discouraged any tenderness as he considered it spoiling.

In 1970, following an incident in which Rachid struck Gamil so hard that the marks on his face were visible a week later, Monique decided to leave.

The legal separation was finalized in 1971, and the divorce in 1976.

Following the separation, Gamil lived with his mother and younger sister Nadia; soon after, their home and possessions were seized when Rachid defaulted on mortgage payments.

Gamil was afraid of his father, and at first saw him on weekly supervised visits.

The visits ended quickly, as Rachid ceased contact with his children soon after the separation.

Gamil never saw his father again, and in the future refused to discuss him with others.

Rachid stopped making child support payments after paying them twice, and to make ends meet Monique returned to nursing.

She subsequently started taking further courses to advance her career.

During this time the children lived with other families during the week, seeing their mother only on weekends.

Concerned about her children and parenting skills, she sought help for the family from a psychiatrist at St. Justine's Hospital in 1976; the assessment concluded there was nothing wrong with the shy and withdrawn Gamil, but recommended therapy for his sister Nadia, who was challenging Monique's authority.

Lépine's application to the Canadian Forces was rejected, and in 1982 he began a science program at a college, switching to a more technical program after one year.

In 1986 he dropped out of the course in his final term, and was subsequently fired from his job at a hospital due to his poor attitude.

Lépine began a computer programming course in 1988, and again abandoned it before completion.

He twice applied for admission to the École Polytechnique, but lacked two required compulsory courses.

Lépine had long complained about women working in "non-traditional" jobs.

After several months of planning, including the purchase of a Ruger Mini-14, he entered the École Polytechnique on the afternoon of December 6, 1989, separated the men from the women in a classroom, and shot the women, while yelling, "I hate feminists", claiming that he was "fighting feminism".

He then moved into other parts of the building, targeting only the women, before killing himself.

His suicide note blamed feminists for ruining his life.

Lépine's actions have been variously ascribed from a psychiatry perspective with diagnoses such as personality disorder, psychosis, or attachment disorder, noting societal factors such as poverty, isolation, powerlessness, and violence in the media.

The massacre is regarded by criminologists as an example of a hate crime against women, and by feminists and government officials as a misogynist attack and an example of the larger issue of violence against women.

December 6 is now observed in Canada as a National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women.

Nadia died in 1996 at the age of 28 from a drug overdose of cocaine.