Kelly Johnson (engineer)

Clarence Leonard "Kelly" Johnson (February 27, 1910 – December 21, 1990) was an American aeronautical and systems engineer.

He is recognized for his contributions to a series of important aircraft designs, most notably the Lockheed U-2 and SR-71 Blackbird.

Besides the first production aircraft to exceed Mach 3, he also produced the first fighter capable of Mach 2, the United States' first operational jet fighter, as well as the first fighter to exceed 400 mph, and many other contributions to various aircraft.

As a member and first team leader of the Lockheed Skunk Works, Johnson worked for more than four decades and is said to have been an "organizing genius".

He played a leading role in the design of over forty aircraft, including several honored with the prestigious Collier Trophy, acquiring a reputation as one of the most talented and prolific aircraft design engineers in the history of aviation.

He attended Flint Central High School and graduated in 1928, then went to Flint Junior College, now known as Mott Community College, and finally to the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he received a Bachelor's and Master's Degree in Aeronautical Engineering.

While attending grade school in Michigan, he was ridiculed for his name, Clarence.

Some boys started calling him "Clara".

One morning while waiting in line to get into a classroom, one boy started with the normal routine of calling him "Clara".

Johnson tripped him so hard the boy broke a leg.

The boys then decided that he was not a "Clara" after all, and started calling him "Kelly".

The nickname came from the popular song at the time, "Has Anyone Here Seen Kelly? (Kelly from the Emerald Isle)".

Henceforth, he was always known as "Kelly" Johnson.

Upon completing his master's degree in 1933, Johnson joined Lockheed as a tool designer on a salary of $83 a month.

Shortly after starting, Johnson convinced Hall Hibbard, the chief engineer, the Model 10 was unstable.

Hibbard sent Johnson back to Michigan to conduct more tests.

Johnson eventually made multiple changes to the wind tunnel model, including adding an "H" tail, to address the problem.

Lockheed accepted Johnson's suggestions and the Model 10 went on to be a success.

This brought Johnson to the attention of company management, and he was promoted to aeronautical engineer.

In 1937, Johnson married Althea Louise Young, who worked in Lockheed's accounting department; she died in December 1969.

After assignments as flight test engineer, stress analyst, aerodynamicist, and weight engineer, he became chief research engineer in 1938.

In 1952, he was appointed chief engineer of Lockheed's Burbank, California plant, which later became the Lockheed-California Company.

In 1956 he became Vice President of Research and Development there.

Johnson became Vice President of Advanced Development Projects (ADP) in 1958.

The first ADP offices were nearly uninhabitable; a Smelly former bourbon distillery was the first ADP location, the site where his secretive team built the first P-38 Lightning prototype.

Moving from the distillery to a larger building, the stench from a nearby plastic factory was so vile that Irv Culver, one of the engineers, began answering the intra-Lockheed "house" phone "Skonk Works!"

In May 1971, he married his secretary Maryellen Elberta Meade of New York; she died after a long illness on October 13, 1980, aged 46.

He married Meade's friend Nancy Powers Horrigan in November 1980.

His autobiography, titled Kelly: More Than My Share of it All, was published in 1985.

Johnson died at the age of 80 at St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank after physical deterioration and the advancement of senility, caused by the hardening of his arteries connecting to his brain.

During his visits to the hospital, his good friend Ben Rich watched his condition worsen, writing, "His eyes seemed unfocused and lifeless, and increasingly began to slip in and out of coherence. I could barely stand to visit him, and many times he seemed not even to recognize me."

He is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Los Angeles, California.

At the University of Michigan, Johnson conducted wind tunnel tests of Lockheed's proposed Model 10 airliner.

He found the aircraft did not have adequate directional stability, but his professor felt it did and told Lockheed so.

In 2003, as part of its commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Wright Brothers' flight, Aviation Week & Space Technology ranked Johnson eighth on its list of the top 100 "most important, most interesting, and most influential people" in the first century of aerospace.

Hall Hibbard, Johnson's Lockheed boss, referring to Johnson's Swedish ancestry, once remarked to Ben Rich: "That damned Swede can actually see air."

Kelly Johnson was born in the remote mining town of Ishpeming, Michigan.

His parents were Swedish, from the city of Malmö, county of Scania.

His father ran a construction company.

Johnson was 13 years old when he won a prize for his first aircraft design.