John Bowlby

Bowlby's parents met at a party in 1897 through a mutual friend.

About one year after meeting, Mary (age 31) and Anthony (age 43) decided to get married in 1898.

The start of their marriage was said to be difficult due to conflict with Anthony's sister and physical separation between Mary and Anthony.

To resolve this prolonged separation, Mary decided to visit her husband for six months while leaving her firstborn daughter Winnie in the care of her nanny.

This separation between Mary and her children was a theme found in all six of her children's lives as they were primarily raised by the nanny and nursemaids.

Normally, Bowlby saw his mother only one hour a day after teatime, though during the summer she was more available.

Like many other mothers of her social class, she considered that parental attention and affection would lead to dangerous spoiling of the children.

Bowlby was fortunate in that the family nanny was present throughout his childhood.

When Bowlby was almost four years old, the nursemaid Minnie, his primary caregiver in his early years, left the family.

Later, he was to describe this as tragic as the loss of a mother.

After Minnie left, Bowlby and his siblings were cared for by Nanny Friend, of a Colder and sarcastic nature.

During World War I, Bowlby's father Anthony was on military service.

He came home once or twice a year and had little contact with him and his siblings.

His mother received letters from Anthony but she did not share them with her children.

At the age of seven, Bowlby was sent to [school ], as was common for boys of his social status.

Bowlby's parents decided to send both him and his older brother Tony to a prep school, to protect them from the bombing attacks due to the ongoing war.

Edward John Mostyn Bowlby, CBE, FBA, FRCP, FRCPsych (26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory.

Bowlby married Ursula Longstaff, the daughter of a surgeon, on 16 April 1938, and they had four children, including Sir Richard Bowlby, who succeeded his uncle as third Baronet.

Bowlby died at his summer home on the Isle of Skye, Scotland.

In 1951, he wrote: "If the child is maladjusted, it may be useful for him to be away for part of the year from the tensions which produced his difficulties, and if the home is bad in other ways the same is true. The boarding school has the advantage of preserving the child's all-important home ties, even if in slightly attenuated form, and, since it forms part of the ordinary social pattern of most Western communities today [1951], the child who goes to boarding school will not feel different from other children. Moreover, by relieving the parents of the children for part of the year, it will be possible for some of them to develop more favorable attitudes toward their children during the remainder."

In his 1973 work Separation: Anxiety and Anger, Bowlby wrote that he regarded it as a terrible time for him.

He later said, "I wouldn't send a dog away to boarding school at age seven".

However, earlier Bowlby had considered boarding schools appropriate for children aged eight and older.

In an interview with Dr. Milton Stenn in 1977, Bowlby explained that his career started off in the medical direction as he was following in his surgeon father's footsteps.

His father was a well-known surgeon in London and Bowlby explained that he was encouraged by his father to study medicine at Cambridge.

Therefore, he followed his father's suggestion, but was not fully interested in the lessons in anatomy and natural sciences that he was reading about.

However, during his time at Trinity College, he became particularly interested in developmental psychology, which led him to give up medicine by his third year.

When Bowlby gave up medicine, he took a teaching opportunity at a school called Priory Gates for six months where he worked with maladjusted children.

Bowlby explained that one of the reasons why he went to work at Priory Gates was because of an intelligent staff member, John Alford.

Bowlby explained that the experience at Priory Gates was extremely influential on him "It suited me very well because I found it interesting. And when I was there, I learned everything that I have known; it was the most valuable six months of my life, really. It was analytically oriented".

He further explained that the experience at Priory Gates was extremely influential to his career in research as he learned that the problems of today should be understood and dealt with at a developmental level.

Bowlby studied psychology and pre-clinical sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, winning prizes for outstanding intellectual performance.

After Cambridge, he worked with maladjusted and delinquent children until, at the age of twenty-two, he enrolled at University College Hospital in London.

At twenty-six, he qualified in medicine.

A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Bowlby as the 49th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Bowlby was born in London to an upper-middle-income family.

He was the fourth of six children and was brought up by a nanny in the British fashion of his class at that time: the family hired a nanny who was in charge of raising the children, in a separate nursery in the house.

Nanny Friend took care of the infants and generally had two other nursemaids to help her.

Bowlby was raised primarily by nursemaid Minnie who acted as a mother figure to him and his siblings.

His father, Sir Anthony Alfred Bowlby, was surgeon to the King's Household, with a history of early loss: at age five, Anthony's father, Thomas William Bowlby, was killed while serving as a war correspondent in the Second Opium War.