Horst Schumann

Doctor

Birthday May 1, 1906

Birth Sign Taurus

Birthplace Halle an der Saale, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire

DEATH DATE 1983-5-5, Frankfurt am Main, West Germany (77 years old)

Nationality Russia

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1906

Horst Schumann (1 May 1906 – 5 May 1983) was an SS-Sturmbannführer (major) and medical doctor who conducted sterilization and castration experiments at Auschwitz and was particularly interested in the mass sterilization of Jews by means of X-rays.

Schumann was born on 1 May 1906 in Halle an der Saale.

His father, Paul Schumann, was also a doctor.

1930

Schumann entered the Nazi party in 1930 and joined the Sturmabteilung in 1932.

1933

In 1933, he received his medical degree after producing a thesis entitled "Frage der Jodresorption und der therapeutischen Wirkung sog. Jodbäder" ("The Question of Iodine Absorption and the Therapeutic Effects of so-called Iodine Baths").

He started his career as an assistant doctor in the Surgical Clinic of the clinic of Halle University.

1934

From 1934, Schumann was employed in the Public Health Office in Halle.

1939

He was recruited to the air force as a physician in 1939.

He joined the Aktion T4 Euthanasia program in early October 1939, after a meeting with Dr. Viktor Brack in Hitler's chancellery.

1940

In January 1940, Schumann became head of the Grafeneck euthanasia centre in Württemberg, where mentally ill people were gassed with carbon monoxide in the first gas chamber.

In the early summer of 1940, he was ordered to the Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre.

Schumann also belonged to a commission of doctors called "Action 14f13", who transferred weak and sick prisoners from Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau, Flossenbürg, Gross-Rosen, Mauthausen, Neuengamme and Niederhangen concentration camps to the euthanasia killing centers.

1941

On 28 July 1941, Schumann arrived in Auschwitz.

1942

He worked at Block 30 in the women's hospital, where he set up an X-ray station in 1942.

Here men and women were forcibly sterilized by being positioned repeatedly for several minutes between two X-ray machines, the rays aiming at their sexual organs.

Most subjects died after great suffering, or were gassed immediately because the radiation burns from which they suffered rendered them unfit for work.

Schumann "...chose his test persons himself. They were always young, healthy, good-looking Jewish men, women and girls who looked like old people afterwards. The parts of the body that were treated with the rays experienced severe radiation burns and suppuration (i.e. discharge of pus). Men's testicles and women's ovaries were then surgically removed and sent to Breslau for histopathological examination. Part of Schumann's control tests, to check whether the radiation had worked, was the so-called semen check: a stick covered with a rubber hose was inserted into the rectum of the victim and the glands stimulated until ejaculation occurred so that the ejaculate could be tested for sperm..."

Both kinds of samples were sent to the University of Breslau (today Wrocław) for examination.

Schumann selected some of the women in Block 10 in the main camp of Auschwitz.

In this Block Jewish women had been imprisoned for human experiments.

To control the radiation on women, prisoner doctors (Dr. Maximilian Samuel, Dr. Wladislaw Dering) had to remove an ovary.

Schumann also performed typhus experiments by injecting people with blood from typhus patients and then attempting to cure the newly infected subjects.

1944

Schumann left Auschwitz in September 1944 and was appointed to the Sonnenstein Clinic in Saxony which had earlier been converted into a military hospital.

1945

While serving as a military doctor on the Western Front, he was captured by the Americans in January 1945.

He was released from captivity in October 1945.

1946

In April 1946, he began to work as a sports doctor for the city of Gladbeck.

1951

An application for a license for a hunting gun led to his identity being exposed in 1951 so the GDR issued an arrest warrant.

1954

According to his own statement, Schumann served as a ship's doctor for three years and because he did not have a German passport, he applied for one in Japan in 1954 and received it under his own name.

Schumann then fled, first to Egypt and eventually settled in Khartoum in the Sudan as head of a hospital.

1962

He was forced to flee from Sudan in 1962 after being recognized by an Auschwitz survivor.

Then he went to Ghana, where he received the protection of the head of state, Kwame Nkrumah, until he was overthrown.

1970

In 1966, Schumann was extradited from Ghana to West Germany where the trial against him was opened in Frankfurt on 23 September 1970.

Charged with killing 30,000 Jews, Schumann admitted to killing as many as 80,000 Jews, saying "I have no numbers".

1972

However, Schumann was released from prison on 29 July 1972 due to his heart condition and generally deteriorating health.

1983

He died on 5 May 1983, 11 years after he had been released.

As Robert Jay Lifton has observed "...Schumann has great importance for us because of what he did – intense involvement in both direct medical killing and unusually brutal Auschwitz experiments – and what he was – an ordinary, but highly Nazified man and doctor..."