Gladys Pearl Monroe (May 27, 1902 – March 11, 1984), also known as Gladys Pearl Monroe Baker Mortensen Eley, was the mother of American actress Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson).
Born in Mexico, Baker grew up in the Los Angeles metro area.
Gladys Pearl Monroe was born on May 27, 1902 in Porfirio Dìaz (now named Piedras Negras, Coahuila) in Mexico, across the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.
Her mother, Della Mae Monroe (née Hogan), was born in Missouri and she was from Bentonville, Arkansas, and her father, Otis Elmer Monroe, was a house painter from Indianapolis.
He also sold portraits and landscapes that he had painted and dreamed of living in Paris.
At the time of Baker's birth, Otis worked for the National Railroad of Mexico painting railway cars.
Della was a midwife and an unofficial teacher.
1903
In the spring of 1903, the family moved to Los Angeles County, where Otis worked for the Pacific Electric Railway Company.
1905
Baker and her brother, Marion Otis Elmer (born in 1905), had an unstable upbringing due to their father's alcoholism, frequent moves, and their parents' troubled marriage.
Otis was prone to fits of rage and crying, migraines, dementia, and seizures.
1908
Her father was institutionalized at Patton State Hospital in San Bernardino County in November 1908.
He had an advanced, untreatable case of neurosyphilis and was semi-paralyzed due to paresis.
1909
Her father died in 1909 after suffering from mental illness and alcoholism.
Baker was married three times for three to four years each marriage.
She was married for the first time at age 14 to Jasper Newton Baker.
They had two children, and at the end of the marriage, Jasper and the children returned to his native Kentucky without Baker's knowledge.
Baker moved to Kentucky to be near her children but left after four months.
She had limited contact thereafter.
She moved to Hollywood, where she became a film cutter in the growing movie industry.
There, she met Martin Edward Mortensen, whom she had a short marriage with that ended in divorce.
Afterwards, she had a relationship with Charles Stanley Gifford, who was separated from his wife, and they were parents to Norma Jeane Mortenson, also called Norma Jeane Baker and later Marilyn Monroe, but Gifford was never part of Norma Jeane's life.
Baker struggled to take care of her daughter and placed her with a foster family weeks after her birth.
Prone to mood swings, Baker had a mental breakdown after the death of her son, the suicide of her father, and news that her studio was shutting down.
He was insane by the time of his death on July 22, 1909.
Della supported the children as a domestic worker and by renting out rooms in her house.
1912
She married a second time to Lyle Arthur Graves, a railway switchman supervisor at Pacific Electric, on March 7, 1912.
They lived in Los Angeles at Graves' house.
1914
Della divorced him on January 17, 1914, charging Graves with "failure to provide, dissipation and habitual intemperance."
1916
Della lived in Oregon by September 1914 and she married a man named Chitwood, or Charles E. Young on July 26, 1916, in Portland, Oregon.
Baker got along with this stepfather and had fond memories of living on a farm in Oregon.
Della divorced again, this time citing alcoholism.
By 1916, Baker lived in Venice, Los Angeles with her mother and brother.
Baker was a social teen at school who, like her mother, preferred older men.
Marion went to live in San Diego with cousins in a household that was headed by a father.
1917
In 1917, Della began a tumultuous relationship with Charles Grainger, a widower with two sons.
Della and Baker lived off and on at his nearby two-room bungalow.
The couple was never married, but Della went by Mrs. Grainger.
1934
From 1934 until the 1960s, Gladys spent most of her time in psychiatric facilities.
During that time, Baker had a three-year marriage to John Stewart Eley, who died before she could divorce him.
In her later years, she lived with her other daughter Berniece and then in a senior care facility.
