George Yeo

George Yeo Yong-Boon (born 13 September 1954) is a Singaporean former politician and brigadier-general who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs between 2004 and 2011.

Yeo, along with a co-anchor minister Lim Hwee Hua, were the first two cabinet ministers in post-independence Singapore, and after the 1963 election, to be defeated in the election and consequently losing their parliamentary seats to the opposition.

According to Yeo, he was offered to rejoin Cabinet by then-Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew through a by-election in Lee's Tanjong Pagar GRC.

Yeo declined.

Yeo served in the Singapore Army and later Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) between 1976 and 1988 and attained the rank Brigadier-General.

Yeo was educated at St. Stephen's School, St. Patrick's School—where he topped in his class for his O-Level and St. Joseph's Institution before graduating from Christ's College at the University of Cambridge in 1976, majoring in engineering, under the President's Scholarship and Singapore Armed Forces Overseas Scholarship.

He also served as Chief of Staff – Air Staff between 1985 and 1986, and Director of Joint Operations and Planning at the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) between 1986 and 1988.

He subsequently went on to complete a Master in Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School in 1985 as a Baker Scholar.

Upon returning from the United Kingdom, Yeo served as a commissioned officer in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF).

He served as a signals officer in the Singapore Army, before transferring to the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF).

When Yeo returned to Singapore, he served as Chief of Staff – Air Staff between 1985 and 1986, and Director of Joint Operations and Planning at the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) between 1986 and 1988.

He also led the team which conceptualised the SAFTI Military Institute.

A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), Yeo was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Bedok Reservoir–Punggol ward of Aljunied GRC between 1988 and 2011.

Yeo left the SAF in 1988 and attained the rank Brigadier-General, before entering politics.

Yeo made his political debut in the 1988 general election as part of a three-member PAP team contesting in the newly-created Aljunied GRC and won.

Following his election into Parliament, Yeo served in various ministries, including the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Yeo represented the Eurasian community in the Cabinet at their request.

Yeo and his Aljunied GRC team first faced a team of Singapore Democratic Party in 1988 and Worker's Party for Eunos Group Representation Constituency in 1997.

He also served as Minister for Information and the Arts between 1990 and 1999, Minister for Health between 1994 and 1997, Minister for Trade and Industry between 1999 and 2004 and Minister for Foreign Affairs between 2004 and 2011.

In the 1990s, Yeo pushed for widespread adoption of internet infrastructure in Singapore, stating that it was important for Singapore to retain its role as a regional hub.

Its geographical advantage would matter less, and its infrastructural advantage in the exchange of information and ideas would matter more.

Yeo was the chairman of the PAP's youth wing from 1991 to 2000, which saw a renaming to Young PAP (YPAP) in 1993.

As an enticement for joining the YPAP, he said people joining the YPAP could take positions different from central party leadership.

In 1995, he defended government censorship of the Internet even as it proved technologically challenging to do so: "Censorship can no longer be 100% effective, but even if it is only 20% effective, we should not stop censoring."

In what he described as an "anti-pollution measure in cyberspace", Yeo transferred censorship authority from the Telecommunication Authority of Singapore (TAS) to the Singapore Broadcasting Authority (SBA), which was to "concentrate on areas which may undermine public morals, political stability or religious harmony in Singapore".

Yeo said the government would focus on monitoring internet communications that broadcast material to millions of users rather than the "narrowcasting" of private communications between individuals.

As Minister for Trade and Industry, Yeo led his team to successfully negotiate the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries.

Yeo proposed the idea of having Integrated Resorts (IRs) in Singapore, which would include casinos, which was intensely debated for a year.

This paved the way for the 2 IRs in Singapore, Resorts World Sentosa and Marina Bay Sands at the Marina Promenade.

He later shared with a group of university students during a dialogue that his late father had a problem with gambling and the decision to push for the gaming resorts was personally a very difficult one.

He said that policy making often involved a choice between 'evils'.

In 2006, Yeo alongside with his team Yeo Guat Kwang, Zainul Abidin bin Mohammed Rasheed,

Cynthia Phua and Lim Hwee Hua faced Worker's Party and won with the election's narrowest margin, with 56.1% to 43.9%.

However, in the 2011 general election the WP team consists of Pritam Singh, Sylvia Lim, Muhamad Faisal Manap, Low Thia Kiang and Chen Show Mao won the election of 54.7%, resulting in his election defeat as well as the loss of his ministerial appointment.

On 5 October 2011, Yeo stepped down from the PAP's Central Executive Committee (the party's governing body).

However, he continues to be a member of the PAP.

During his announcement, Yeo stated that he declined running for presidency later that year, cited that he was a "free spirit" and he was not "temperamentally suited for such a job", despite being popular in online and have "a flood of support" on post-election.

He although stated on his Facebook page that he was "thinking hard" about the possibility of becoming a candidate on 1 June, but however, on 15 June, Yeo confirmed that he declined standing for presidency.

As Minister for Information, Communications and the Arts, he liberalised the use of dialects in the local film industry, which paved the way for a generation of local film directors and producers.

He also oversaw the design and construction of the Esplanade Theatres on the Bay and the new National Library.