Gʻafur Gʻulom or Gafur Gulom (Russified form Gafur Gulyam) (Gʻafur Gʻulom, Ғафур Ғулом) (May 10, 1903 – July 10, 1966) was an Uzbek poet, writer, and literary translator.
Gʻafur Gʻulomovich Gʻulomov was born to a poor family on May 10, 1903, in Tashkent.
His father, Gʻulom Mirza Orif, knew Russian and was fond of reading poems and could himself write poetry.
He died when Gʻafur Gʻulom was only nine years old.
Gʻafur Gʻulom first went to a so-called old school, a quasi-Muslim school, and later enrolled in a Russian tuzem school (Ру́сско-тузе́мная шко́ла), an elementary school for non-Russians in Turkestan.
After completing a teacher preparation program, he started to teach at a contemporary school.
1923
In 1923, he was appointed the head of the curriculum department at an orphanage.
During that time Gʻafur Gʻulom also started working on the editorial board of different publications, such as Kambagʻal dehqon (The Poor Farmer), Qizil Oʻzbekiston (Red Uzbekistan), and Sharq haqiqati (The Truth of the East).
Working on editorial boards gave him a chance to learn about the life of ordinary citizens.
1930
In the 1930s, in addition to numerous short stories, essays, and satirical articles, Gʻafur Gʻulom wrote many longer narratives, such as Netay (What Should I Do?), Yodgor, and Tirilgan murda (The Corpse that Came Alive).
During the Soviet-German war against Nazi Germany and its allies, Gʻafur Gʻulom devoted his time and efforts to writing about the war.
His poems Sen yetim emassan (You're not an Orphan), Oltin medal (The Golden Medal), Kuzatish (Seeing off), Vaqt (Time), and Sogʻinish (Missing) became highly popular among Uzbeks.
1931
Gʻafur Gʻulom's first poetry collections, Dinamo (Dynamo) and Tirik qoʻshiqlar (Alive Songs), were published in 1931 and 1932, respectively.
In these books he criticized the unsophisticated traditions of the peoples of Turkestan and praised the diligent work of ordinary citizens.
1939
He received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour twice, in 1939 and 1963.
He was also twice awarded the Order of Lenin.
1943
In 1943, Gʻafur Gʻulom became a member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan.
During the last 20 years of his life, he published almost twenty poetry books.
Many of his works have been translated into other languages.
Gʻafur Gʻulom received many awards and honors throughout his life.
1944
He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour in 1944.
1946
Gʻafur Gʻulom received the prestigious State Stalin Prize in 1946 and became a National Poet of the Uzbek SSR in 1963.
For his compilation of poems about the Soviet-German war, Sharqdan kelayotirman (I'm Coming from the East), Gʻafur Gʻulom was awarded the State Stalin Prize in 1946.
1966
Gʻafur Gʻulom died of illness at the age of sixty three on July 10, 1966, in Tashkent.
1970
In 1970, he was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize.
1977
He is best remembered for his stories Shum Bola (The Mischievous Boy) (adapted for film in 1977) and Yodgor.
Gʻafur Gʻulom is also known for translating the works of many influential foreign authors, such as Alexander Pushkin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and William Shakespeare.
He translated Le Mariage de Figaro of Pierre Beaumarchais, Othello of William Shakespeare, and Gulistan of Saadi Shirazi into Uzbek.
Gʻafur Gʻulom is considered to be one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.
He is also regarded as one of the founders of modern Uzbek poetry, along with Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy.
2000
In 2000, Gʻafur Gʻulom was posthumously awarded the National Order of Merit (Buyuk xizmatlari uchun), one of independent Uzbekistan's the most prestigious medals.
