Billy Mackenzie

William MacArthur MacKenzie (27 March 1957 – 22 January 1997) was a Scottish singer and songwriter, known for his distinctive high tenor voice.

He was the co-founder and lead vocalist of post-punk and new wave band the Associates.

William MacArthur MacKenzie was born on 27 March 1957 in Dundee, Scotland.

As a youngster, he lived on Park Avenue in the Stobswell area of the city.

He attended St Mary's Forebank Primary School and St Michael's Secondary School.

He led a peripatetic lifestyle, decamping to New Zealand at the age of 16, and travelling across America aged 17.

Here he married Chloe Dummar, the sister-in-law of his Aunt Veronica.

While MacKenzie was quoted as saying the marriage was made to stave off deportation so that he could sing with the New Orleans Gospel Choir – calling his wife a 'Dolly Parton type' – Dummar still believes the pair were in love.

He left her after three months of marriage and returned to Dundee, and the two never had contact again.

MacKenzie returned to Scotland where he met Alan Rankine and in 1976 formed the Ascorbic Ones.

(Chloe's brother was Melvin Dummar, who claimed to be the "one sixteenth" beneficiary of the estate of Howard Hughes until the case was thrown out in 1978.)

They changed the name to Mental Torture and finally the Associates in 1979.

Chloe Dummar filed for divorce in 1980, and MacKenzie did not contest the filing.

He had a fruitful partnership with Paul Haig of Josef K, the result being low key dates in Glasgow and Edinburgh during the mid-1980s, which mixed their own best known songs with covers of songs such as Sly and the Family Stone's "Runnin' Away" and Yoko Ono's "Walking on Thin Ice".

Later the pair united to perform "Amazing Grace" on a Scots Hogmanay television programme, and each donated a song to the other's forthcoming studio album.

"Chained" proved a highlight on the next Haig album, although MacKenzie's version of "Reach the Top" remained unreleased after the Associates' The Glamour Chase project was shelved by WEA.

Rankine left the Associates in 1982, but MacKenzie continued to work under the name for several years until he began releasing material under his own name in the 1990s.

MacKenzie also collaborated with B.E.F. (British Electric Foundation) for their two albums Music of Quality and Distinction Volume One (1982) & Volume Two (1991).

His final recording was the song "Pain in Any Language", with electronic music group Apollo 440.

In 1987, he wrote lyrics for two tracks on Yello's fifth studio album One Second: "Moon on Ice", which he sang himself, and "The Rhythm Divine", which was sung by Shirley Bassey and was released as a single.

A version sung by MacKenzie was released on the cassette and CD versions of Associates' Popera compilation album.

He also had a brief solo career releasing his debut studio album, Outernational, in 1992, his only solo album released during his lifetime.

MacKenzie came out as bisexual in an interview with Time Out magazine in 1994.

Following Mackenzie's untimely death in 1997 an entire album of Haig and MacKenzie material, Memory Palace, appeared on Haig's own label Rhythm of Life.

The band made a dedication to Mackenzie in the album notes to the studio album Electro Glide in Blue (1997).

On 22 January 1997, MacKenzie killed himself by overdosing on a combination of paracetamol and prescription medication in the garden shed of his father's house in Auchterhouse, Angus.

He was 39 years old.

Depression and the death of his mother are believed to have contributed to his suicide.

He was the subject of a biography by Tom Doyle, The Glamour Chase, in 1998.

Siouxsie Sioux, a friend of MacKenzie, wrote the song "Say", revealing in the lyrics that they were going to meet just before his death.

The song was released as a single by the Creatures in 1999, peaking at No. 72 on the UK Singles Chart.

The Cure song "Cut Here" in 2001, written by Robert Smith, a friend of MacKenzie, is about the regret Smith felt about seeing MacKenzie a few weeks before his death backstage at a Cure concert, and not giving him any of his "precious time" and fobbing him off.

For her fifth studio album Medúlla (2004), Icelandic singer Björk considered singing a beyond the grave duet with Mackenzie using recordings given to her by his father, but eventually decided against it.

In 2006, Norwegian singer Jenny Hval, under the name Rockettothesky, released her debut single "Barrie for Billy MacKenzie" as a tribute.

Between 9 and 27 June 2009, a play entitled Balgay Hill about the story of MacKenzie's life was showing at Dundee Repertory Theatre, in Mackenzie's home town.

Rankine noted in a 2016 interview with Dangerous Minds, "A lot of his songs are about his struggling with his gender and his sexuality."

MacKenzie didn't publicly label his gender identity but was often seen cross-dressing, as noted by Jon Watson of NME magazine.

On record, in the aforementioned Time Out interview, MacKenzie stated:

"'I'm just waiting for the day when we're all what we were intended to be... hermaphrodites.'"

MacKenzie collaborated with many other artists during his career.