Arundhati Roy

Suzanna Arundhati Roy (born 24 November 1961) is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of Small Things (1997), which won the Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997 and became the best-selling book by a non-expatriate Indian author.

She is also a political activist involved in human rights and environmental causes.

Arundhati Roy was born in Shillong, Meghalaya, India, to Mary Roy, a Malayali Jacobite Syrian Christian women's rights activist from Kerala and Rajib Roy, a Bengali Christian tea plantation manager from Kolkata.

She has denied false rumors about her being a Brahmin by caste.

When she was two, her parents divorced and she returned to Kerala with her mother and brother.

For some time, the family lived with Roy's maternal grandfather in Ooty, Tamil Nadu.

When she was five, the family moved back to Kerala, where her mother started a school.

Roy attended school at Corpus Christi, Kottayam, followed by the Lawrence School, Lovedale, in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu.

She then studied architecture at the School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi, where she met architect Gerard da Cunha.

They married in 1978 and lived together in Delhi, and then Goa, before they separated and divorced in 1982.

Roy returned to Delhi, where she obtained a position with the National Institute of Urban Affairs.

In 1984, she met independent filmmaker Pradip Krishen, who offered her a role as a goatherd in his award-winning movie Massey Sahib.

They later married the same year.

They collaborated on a television series about India's independence movement and two films, Annie and Electric Moon.

Disenchanted with the film world, Roy experimented with various fields, including running aerobics classes.

Roy and Krishen currently live separately but are still married.

She starred in Massey Sahib in 1985.

Roy won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay in 1988 for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones.

She wrote the screenplays for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (1989), a movie based on her experiences as a student of architecture, in which she also appeared as a performer, and Electric Moon (1992).

Both were directed by her husband, Pradip Krishen, during their marriage.

Roy began writing her first novel, The God of Small Things, in 1992, completing it in 1996.

The book is semi-autobiographical and a major part captures her childhood experiences in Aymanam.

The publication of The God of Small Things catapulted Roy to international fame.

She attracted attention in 1994 when she criticised Shekhar Kapur's film Bandit Queen, which was based on the life of Phoolan Devi.

In her film review titled "The Great Indian Rape Trick", she questioned the right to "restage the rape of a living woman without her permission", and charged Kapur with exploiting Devi and misrepresenting both her life and its meaning.

Critical response in the United Kingdom was less positive, and the awarding of the Booker Prize caused controversy; Carmen Callil, a 1996 Booker Prize judge, called the novel "execrable", and a Guardian journalist called the contest "profoundly depressing".

In India, the book was criticised especially for its unrestrained description of sexuality by E. K. Nayanar, then Chief Minister of Roy's home state Kerala, where she had to answer charges of obscenity.

She became financially secure with the success of her novel The God of Small Things, published in 1997.

Roy is a cousin of prominent media personality Prannoy Roy, former head of the Indian television media group NDTV.

She lives in Delhi.

Early in her career, Roy worked in television and movies.

It received the 1997 Booker Prize for Fiction and was listed as one of The New York Times Notable Books of the Year.

It reached fourth position on The New York Times Bestsellers list for Independent Fiction.

From the beginning, the book was also a commercial success: Roy received half a million pounds as an advance.

It was published in May, and the book had been sold in 18 countries by the end of June.

The God of Small Things received stellar reviews in major American newspapers such as The New York Times (a "dazzling first novel," "extraordinary", "at once so morally strenuous and so imaginatively supple" ) and the Los Angeles Times ("a novel of poignancy and considerable sweep" ), and in Canadian publications such as the Toronto Star ("a lush, magical novel" ).

It was one of the five best books of 1997 according to Time.

Since the success of her novel, Roy has written a television serial, The Banyan Tree, and the documentary DAM/AGE: A Film with Arundhati Roy (2002).

In early 2007, Roy said she was working on a second novel, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.

Roy contributed to We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, a book released in 2009 that explores the culture of peoples around the world, portraying their diversity and the threats to their existence.