Abdul-Rahman Al-Sudais

Growing up in Riyadh, Al-Sudais studied at the Al Muthana Bin Harith Elementary School, and afterwards the Riyadh Scientific Institution from which he graduated in 1979 with a grade of excellent.

He obtained a degree in Sharia from Riyadh University in 1983, his Master's in Islamic fundamentals from the Sharia College of Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University in 1987 and received his Ph.D. in Islamic Sharia from Umm al-Qura University in 1995 while working there as an assistant professor after serving at Riyadh University.

Sudais took up his imamate in 1984, at just 24-years of age, and conducted his first sermon at Masjid Al-Haram in July 1984, other than this Sheikh Saud Al-Shuraim - has been his partner in Taraweeh Prayers from 1994 till 2006, and again in 2014, 2019 and 2020.

They were titled "Twins of the Haram".

In his sermon of April 19, 2002, broadcast on Saudi 1, Al-Sudais referred to the story in which the Jews turned into "monkeys and pigs."

"Read the history and you will know that yesterday's Jews were bad predecessors and today's Jews are worse successors. They are killers of prophets and the scum of the earth. God hurled his curses and indignation on them and made them monkeys and pigs and worshippers [sic] of tyrants. These are the Jews, a continuous lineage of meanness, cunning, obstinacy, tyranny, evil, and corruption.…May God's curses follow them until the Day of Judgement.…Thus, they deserve the curse of God, His angels, and all people."

In 2003, Sudais stated that he believes that youth need to be taught Islamic law, including the precepts of the prohibition on killing oneself and the prohibition against attacking non-Muslims living in Islamic countries.

Sudais has also said that Islamic youth should not "indiscriminately hurl the label of atheism and not to confuse between legitimate jihad and…the terrorizing of peaceable people."

Sudais has said that there is no room for extremism and sectarianism in Islam and that Islam teaches a moderate path.

He said the solution to problems that Muslims face in Palestine, Somalia, Iraq, Kashmir, Yemen and Afghanistan lies in following the teachings of Islam in letter and spirit.

He called for resolution of conflicts through dialogue and negotiations taking into consideration the social and economic benefits that can be achieved by resolving these disputes.

In June 2004, Sudais led a following of 10,000 in prayers for inter-faith peace and harmony in London.

Racial Equality Minister Fiona Mactaggart attended Sudais' sermon at the East London Mosque.

Prince Charles, who was in Washington, took part by a pre-recorded message Britain's chief Rabbi, Jonathan Sacks, sent a message of support.

Abdul Rahman Ibn Abdul Aziz al-Sudais (عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلسُّدَيْسِ), better known as Al-Sudais, is one of the nine imams of the Grand Mosque, Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, Saudi Arabia; the president of the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques; a renowned Qāriʾ (reciter of the Qur'an); he was the Dubai International Holy Qur'an Award's "Islamic Personality Of the Year" in 2005.

Al-Sudais has preached Islam's opposition to "explosions and terrorism", and has called for peaceful inter-faith dialogue, but also been sharply criticized for vilifying non-Muslims and especially Jews in his sermons.

He has denounced the treatment of Palestinians by Israeli settlers and the state of Israel, and called for more aid to be sent to Palestinians.

In 2005-2020, Sheikh Abdullah Awad Al Juhany and other imams of Masjid al-Haram such as Sheikh Yasser Al-Dossary and Sheikh Bander Baleela took over Al-Shuraim's position as imam of the first Rakat of the Khatm Al Quran (End of the Quran) Taraweeh prayer.

In 2005, Al-Sudais was named by the Dubai International Holy Quran Award (DIHQA) Organising Committee as its 9th annual "Islamic Personality Of the Year" in recognition of his devotion to the Quran and Islam.

When accepting his award in Dubai, he said: "The message of Islam and Muslims is modesty, fairness, security, stability, sympathy, harmony and kindness."

He has also been noted for identifying women's un-Islamic behavior as in part responsible for the winter 2006 drought in Saudi Arabia.

In a sermon on 13 November 2006, Al-Sudais preached that the ongoing drought was caused by the proliferation of sin in Saudi society and the behavior of women in the kingdom who allegedly were "unveiling, mingling with men, and being indifferent to the hijab."

Sudais also criticized the Lal Masjid administration during the 2007 Red Mosque crisis in Islamabad, Pakistan.

He urged the militants and the government to agree to a peaceful resolution through dialogue and urged both parties to protect peace.

Sudais is also known for his sermons calling on believers to help other Muslims in war-torn regions.

He has actively spoken out against the persecution of Palestinians by Israeli settlers and the state of Israel, and has pleaded for medical supplies and food to be sent to the Palestinians.

In 2007, Sudais prayed to God to "terminate" the Jews and has claimed that the Israelis aspired to tear down the al-Aqsa mosque and build their temple upon its ruins.

From 2010 to 2012, he visited India, Pakistan, Malaysia and Britain.

Among his activities has been hosting a seminar at the Higher Institute for Advanced Islamic Studies in Malaysia in 2011, where he spoke about Islamic civilization against the backdrop of modern challenges.

He was appointed head of the "Presidency for the Two Holy Mosques at the rank of minister" by royal decree on 8 May 2012.

He is also a member of the Arabic Language Academy at Mecca.

Abdul Razzaq al-Mahdi, Nabil Al-Awadi, Tariq Abdelhaleem, and Hani al-Sibai who are linked to Al-Qaeda, in addition to others like Adnan al-Aroor, Abd Al-Aziz Al-Fawzan, Mohamad al-Arefe, Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais, Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al Shaykh and others were included on a death list by ISIS.

On 31 March 2015, an audio recording of al-Sudais was circulated online, accompanied by a photo with a caption stating "Imam of the grand mosque in Mecca calls for all-out war against Shiites."

In 2016, he delivered the very important Hajj sermon to a multitude of pilgrims gathered at Arafat after prayers.

Al-Sudais comes from the Anazzah clan, and he had memorized the Quran by the age of 12.

In 2017, Al-Sudais supervised the film One Day In The Haram, a film about the Haram in Makkah, told through the eyes of the workers.

In 2020, Sudais changed his tone.

In a sermon on Saudi state television, Sudais called for avoiding "passionate emotions and fiery enthusiasm enthusiasm" towards Jews, arguing the best way to persuade them towards Islam was to "treat them well".

He pointed out that the Islamic Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu 'alaihi Wa Salam was good to his Jewish neighbor.

The sermon came just a few weeks after the UAE normalized relations with Israel.